sqlalchemy.sql.operators.Operators

Implement the ``&`` operator. When used with SQL expressions, results in an AND operation, equivalent to :func:`_expression.and_`, that is:: a & b is equivalent to:: from sqlalchemy import and_ and_(a, b) Care should be taken when using ``&`` regarding operator precedence; the ``&`` operator has the highest precedence. The operands should be enclosed in parenthesis if they contain further sub expressions:: (a == 2) & (b == 4)

Implement the ``~`` operator. When used with SQL expressions, results in a NOT operation, equivalent to :func:`_expression.not_`, that is:: ~a is equivalent to:: from sqlalchemy import not_ not_(a)

Implement the ``|`` operator. When used with SQL expressions, results in an OR operation, equivalent to :func:`_expression.or_`, that is:: a | b is equivalent to:: from sqlalchemy import or_ or_(a, b) Care should be taken when using ``|`` regarding operator precedence; the ``|`` operator has the highest precedence. The operands should be enclosed in parenthesis if they contain further sub expressions:: (a == 2) | (b == 4)

Return a custom boolean operator. This method is shorthand for calling :meth:`.Operators.op` and passing the :paramref:`.Operators.op.is_comparison` flag with True. A key advantage to using :meth:`.Operators.bool_op` is that when using column constructs, the "boolean" nature of the returned expression will be present for :pep:`484` purposes. .. seealso:: :meth:`.Operators.op`

Produce a generic operator function. e.g.:: somecolumn.op("*")(5) produces:: somecolumn * 5 This function can also be used to make bitwise operators explicit. For example:: somecolumn.op('&')(0xff) is a bitwise AND of the value in ``somecolumn``. :param opstring: a string which will be output as the infix operator between this element and the expression passed to the generated function. :param precedence: precedence which the database is expected to apply to the operator in SQL expressions. This integer value acts as a hint for the SQL compiler to know when explicit parenthesis should be rendered around a particular operation. A lower number will cause the expression to be parenthesized when applied against another operator with higher precedence. The default value of ``0`` is lower than all operators except for the comma (``,``) and ``AS`` operators. A value of 100 will be higher or equal to all operators, and -100 will be lower than or equal to all operators. .. seealso:: :ref:`faq_sql_expression_op_parenthesis` - detailed description of how the SQLAlchemy SQL compiler renders parenthesis :param is_comparison: legacy; if True, the operator will be considered as a "comparison" operator, that is which evaluates to a boolean true/false value, like ``==``, ``>``, etc. This flag is provided so that ORM relationships can establish that the operator is a comparison operator when used in a custom join condition. Using the ``is_comparison`` parameter is superseded by using the :meth:`.Operators.bool_op` method instead; this more succinct operator sets this parameter automatically, but also provides correct :pep:`484` typing support as the returned object will express a "boolean" datatype, i.e. ``BinaryExpression[bool]``. :param return_type: a :class:`.TypeEngine` class or object that will force the return type of an expression produced by this operator to be of that type. By default, operators that specify :paramref:`.Operators.op.is_comparison` will resolve to :class:`.Boolean`, and those that do not will be of the same type as the left-hand operand. :param python_impl: an optional Python function that can evaluate two Python values in the same way as this operator works when run on the database server. Useful for in-Python SQL expression evaluation functions, such as for ORM hybrid attributes, and the ORM "evaluator" used to match objects in a session after a multi-row update or delete. e.g.:: >>> expr = column('x').op('+', python_impl=lambda a, b: a + b)('y') The operator for the above expression will also work for non-SQL left and right objects:: >>> expr.operator(5, 10) 15 .. versionadded:: 2.0 .. seealso:: :meth:`.Operators.bool_op` :ref:`types_operators` :ref:`relationship_custom_operator`

Operate on an argument. This is the lowest level of operation, raises :class:`NotImplementedError` by default. Overriding this on a subclass can allow common behavior to be applied to all operations. For example, overriding :class:`.ColumnOperators` to apply ``func.lower()`` to the left and right side:: class MyComparator(ColumnOperators): def operate(self, op, other, **kwargs): return op(func.lower(self), func.lower(other), **kwargs) :param op: Operator callable. :param \*other: the 'other' side of the operation. Will be a single scalar for most operations. :param \**kwargs: modifiers. These may be passed by special operators such as :meth:`ColumnOperators.contains`.

Reverse operate on an argument. Usage is the same as :meth:`operate`.