class documentation

Represent a subquery of a SELECT. A :class:`.Subquery` is created by invoking the :meth:`_expression.SelectBase.subquery` method, or for convenience the :meth:`_expression.SelectBase.alias` method, on any :class:`_expression.SelectBase` subclass which includes :class:`_expression.Select`, :class:`_expression.CompoundSelect`, and :class:`_expression.TextualSelect`. As rendered in a FROM clause, it represents the body of the SELECT statement inside of parenthesis, followed by the usual "AS <somename>" that defines all "alias" objects. The :class:`.Subquery` object is very similar to the :class:`_expression.Alias` object and can be used in an equivalent way. The difference between :class:`_expression.Alias` and :class:`.Subquery` is that :class:`_expression.Alias` always contains a :class:`_expression.FromClause` object whereas :class:`.Subquery` always contains a :class:`_expression.SelectBase` object. .. versionadded:: 1.4 The :class:`.Subquery` class was added which now serves the purpose of providing an aliased version of a SELECT statement.

Method as_scalar Undocumented
Class Variable __visit_name__ Undocumented
Class Variable element Undocumented
Class Variable inherit_cache Indicate if this :class:`.HasCacheKey` instance should make use of the cache key generation scheme used by its immediate superclass.
Class Method _factory Return a :class:`.Subquery` object.
Class Variable _is_subquery Undocumented

Inherited from AliasedReturnsRows:

Method is_derived_from Return ``True`` if this :class:`_expression.FromClause` is 'derived' from the given ``FromClause``.
Instance Variable name Undocumented
Property description A brief description of this :class:`_expression.FromClause`.
Property implicit_returning Undocumented
Property original Legacy for dialects that are referring to Alias.original.
Class Method _construct Undocumented
Method _copy_internals Reassign internal elements to be clones of themselves.
Method _init Undocumented
Method _populate_column_collection Called on subclasses to establish the .c collection.
Method _refresh_for_new_column Given a column added to the .c collection of an underlying selectable, produce the local version of that column, assuming this selectable ultimately should proxy this column.
Class Variable _is_from_container Undocumented
Class Variable _supports_derived_columns Undocumented
Class Variable _traverse_internals Undocumented
Instance Variable _orig_name Undocumented
Property _from_objects Undocumented

Inherited from NoInit (via AliasedReturnsRows):

Method __init__ Undocumented

Inherited from NamedFromClause (via AliasedReturnsRows, NoInit):

Method table_valued Return a :class:`_sql.TableValuedColumn` object for this :class:`_expression.FromClause`.
Class Variable named_with_column Undocumented

Inherited from FromClause (via AliasedReturnsRows, NoInit, NamedFromClause):

Method alias Return an alias of this :class:`_expression.FromClause`.
Method join Return a :class:`_expression.Join` from this :class:`_expression.FromClause` to another :class:`FromClause`.
Method outerjoin Return a :class:`_expression.Join` from this :class:`_expression.FromClause` to another :class:`FromClause`, with the "isouter" flag set to True.
Method select Return a SELECT of this :class:`_expression.FromClause`.
Method self_group Apply a 'grouping' to this :class:`_expression.ClauseElement`.
Method tablesample Return a TABLESAMPLE alias of this :class:`_expression.FromClause`.
Class Variable is_selectable Undocumented
Class Variable schema Define the 'schema' attribute for this :class:`_expression.FromClause`.
Instance Variable foreign_keys Return the collection of :class:`_schema.ForeignKey` marker objects which this FromClause references.
Instance Variable primary_key Return the iterable collection of :class:`_schema.Column` objects which comprise the primary key of this :class:`_selectable.FromClause`.
Property c A synonym for :attr:`.FromClause.columns`
Property columns A named-based collection of :class:`_expression.ColumnElement` objects maintained by this :class:`_expression.FromClause`.
Property entity_namespace Return a namespace used for name-based access in SQL expressions.
Property exported_columns A :class:`_expression.ColumnCollection` that represents the "exported" columns of this :class:`_expression.Selectable`.
Method _anonymous_fromclause Undocumented
Method _generate_fromclause_column_proxies Populate columns into an :class:`.AliasedReturnsRows` object.
Method _init_collections Undocumented
Method _is_lexical_equivalent Return ``True`` if this :class:`_expression.FromClause` and the other represent the same lexical identity.
Method _reset_column_collection Reset the attributes linked to the ``FromClause.c`` attribute.
Class Variable _is_clone_of Undocumented
Class Variable _is_from_clause Undocumented
Class Variable _is_join Undocumented
Class Variable _use_schema_map Undocumented
Instance Variable _columns Undocumented
Property _cols_populated Undocumented
Property _hide_froms Undocumented
Property _select_iterable Undocumented

Inherited from AnonymizedFromClauseRole (via AliasedReturnsRows, NoInit, NamedFromClause, FromClause):

Class Variable __slots__ Undocumented

Inherited from FromClauseRole (via AliasedReturnsRows, NoInit, NamedFromClause, FromClause, AnonymizedFromClauseRole, StrictFromClauseRole):

Class Variable _role_name Undocumented

Inherited from AllowsLambdaRole (via AliasedReturnsRows, NoInit, NamedFromClause, FromClause, AnonymizedFromClauseRole, StrictFromClauseRole, FromClauseRole, ColumnsClauseRole, JoinTargetRole):

Class Variable allows_lambda Undocumented

Inherited from UsesInspection (via AliasedReturnsRows, NoInit, NamedFromClause, FromClause, AnonymizedFromClauseRole, StrictFromClauseRole, FromClauseRole, ColumnsClauseRole, JoinTargetRole, AllowsLambdaRole):

Class Variable uses_inspection Undocumented
Class Variable _post_inspect Undocumented

Inherited from Selectable (via AliasedReturnsRows, NoInit, NamedFromClause, FromClause, AnonymizedFromClauseRole, StrictFromClauseRole, FromClauseRole, ColumnsClauseRole, JoinTargetRole, AllowsLambdaRole, UsesInspection, ColumnListRole, StructuralRole):

Method corresponding_column Given a :class:`_expression.ColumnElement`, return the exported :class:`_expression.ColumnElement` object from the :attr:`_expression.Selectable.exported_columns` collection of this :class:`_expression...
Method lateral Return a LATERAL alias of this :class:`_expression.Selectable`.
Method replace_selectable Replace all occurrences of :class:`_expression.FromClause` 'old' with the given :class:`_expression.Alias` object, returning a copy of this :class:`_expression.FromClause`.

Inherited from ReturnsRows (via AliasedReturnsRows, NoInit, NamedFromClause, FromClause, AnonymizedFromClauseRole, StrictFromClauseRole, FromClauseRole, ColumnsClauseRole, JoinTargetRole, AllowsLambdaRole, UsesInspection, ColumnListRole, StructuralRole, Selectable):

Property selectable Undocumented
Class Variable _is_lateral Undocumented
Class Variable _is_returns_rows Undocumented
Class Variable _is_select_base Undocumented
Class Variable _is_select_statement Undocumented
Property _all_selected_columns A sequence of column expression objects that represents the "selected" columns of this :class:`_expression.ReturnsRows`.

Inherited from DQLDMLClauseElement (via AliasedReturnsRows, NoInit, NamedFromClause, FromClause, AnonymizedFromClauseRole, StrictFromClauseRole, FromClauseRole, ColumnsClauseRole, JoinTargetRole, AllowsLambdaRole, UsesInspection, ColumnListRole, StructuralRole, Selectable, ReturnsRows, ReturnsRowsRole, SQLRole):

Method compile Compile this SQL expression.
Method _compiler Return a compiler appropriate for this ClauseElement, given a Dialect.

Inherited from ClauseElement (via AliasedReturnsRows, NoInit, NamedFromClause, FromClause, AnonymizedFromClauseRole, StrictFromClauseRole, FromClauseRole, ColumnsClauseRole, JoinTargetRole, AllowsLambdaRole, UsesInspection, ColumnListRole, StructuralRole, Selectable, ReturnsRows, ReturnsRowsRole, SQLRole, DQLDMLClauseElement):

Method __bool__ Undocumented
Method __getstate__ Undocumented
Method __invert__ Undocumented
Method __repr__ Undocumented
Method compare Compare this :class:`_expression.ClauseElement` to the given :class:`_expression.ClauseElement`.
Method get_children Return immediate child :class:`.visitors.HasTraverseInternals` elements of this :class:`.visitors.HasTraverseInternals`.
Method params Return a copy with :func:`_expression.bindparam` elements replaced.
Method unique_params Return a copy with :func:`_expression.bindparam` elements replaced.
Class Variable is_clause_element Undocumented
Class Variable is_dml Undocumented
Class Variable negation_clause Undocumented
Method _clone Create a shallow copy of this ClauseElement.
Method _cloned_set Return the set consisting all cloned ancestors of this ClauseElement.
Method _compile_w_cache Undocumented
Method _execute_on_connection Undocumented
Method _execute_on_scalar an additional hook for subclasses to provide a different implementation for connection.scalar() vs. connection.execute().
Method _negate Undocumented
Method _negate_in_binary a hook to allow the right side of a binary expression to respond to a negation of the binary expression.
Method _replace_params Undocumented
Method _set_propagate_attrs Undocumented
Method _ungroup Return this :class:`_expression.ClauseElement` without any groupings.
Method _with_binary_element_type in the context of binary expression, convert the type of this object to the one given.
Class Variable _cache_key_traversal Undocumented
Class Variable _gen_static_annotations_cache_key Undocumented
Class Variable _is_bind_parameter Undocumented
Class Variable _is_clause_list Undocumented
Class Variable _is_column_element Undocumented
Class Variable _is_immutable Undocumented
Class Variable _is_keyed_column_element Undocumented
Class Variable _is_lambda_element Undocumented
Class Variable _is_select_container Undocumented
Class Variable _is_singleton_constant Undocumented
Class Variable _is_star Undocumented
Class Variable _is_table Undocumented
Class Variable _is_text_clause Undocumented
Class Variable _is_textual Undocumented
Instance Variable _propagate_attrs like annotations, however these propagate outwards liberally as SQL constructs are built, and are set up at construction time.
Property _constructor return the 'constructor' for this ClauseElement.
Property _order_by_label_element Undocumented

Inherited from SupportsWrappingAnnotations (via AliasedReturnsRows, NoInit, NamedFromClause, FromClause, AnonymizedFromClauseRole, StrictFromClauseRole, FromClauseRole, ColumnsClauseRole, JoinTargetRole, AllowsLambdaRole, UsesInspection, ColumnListRole, StructuralRole, Selectable, ReturnsRows, ReturnsRowsRole, SQLRole, DQLDMLClauseElement, ClauseElement):

Method _annotate return a copy of this ClauseElement with annotations updated by the given dictionary.
Method _deannotate return a copy of this :class:`_expression.ClauseElement` with annotations removed.
Method _with_annotations return a copy of this ClauseElement with annotations replaced by the given dictionary.

Inherited from SupportsAnnotations (via AliasedReturnsRows, NoInit, NamedFromClause, FromClause, AnonymizedFromClauseRole, StrictFromClauseRole, FromClauseRole, ColumnsClauseRole, JoinTargetRole, AllowsLambdaRole, UsesInspection, ColumnListRole, StructuralRole, Selectable, ReturnsRows, ReturnsRowsRole, SQLRole, DQLDMLClauseElement, ClauseElement, SupportsWrappingAnnotations):

Class Variable proxy_set Undocumented
Method _gen_annotations_cache_key Undocumented
Property _annotations_cache_key Undocumented

Inherited from MemoizedHasCacheKey (via AliasedReturnsRows, NoInit, NamedFromClause, FromClause, AnonymizedFromClauseRole, StrictFromClauseRole, FromClauseRole, ColumnsClauseRole, JoinTargetRole, AllowsLambdaRole, UsesInspection, ColumnListRole, StructuralRole, Selectable, ReturnsRows, ReturnsRowsRole, SQLRole, DQLDMLClauseElement, ClauseElement, SupportsWrappingAnnotations, SupportsAnnotations):

Method _generate_cache_key return a cache key.

Inherited from HasCacheKey (via AliasedReturnsRows, NoInit, NamedFromClause, FromClause, AnonymizedFromClauseRole, StrictFromClauseRole, FromClauseRole, ColumnsClauseRole, JoinTargetRole, AllowsLambdaRole, UsesInspection, ColumnListRole, StructuralRole, Selectable, ReturnsRows, ReturnsRowsRole, SQLRole, DQLDMLClauseElement, ClauseElement, SupportsWrappingAnnotations, SupportsAnnotations, MemoizedHasCacheKey):

Class Method _generate_cache_attrs generate cache key dispatcher for a new class.
Class Method _generate_cache_key_for_object Undocumented
Method _gen_cache_key return an optional cache key.
Class Variable _generated_cache_key_traversal Undocumented
Class Variable _hierarchy_supports_caching private attribute which may be set to False to prevent the inherit_cache warning from being emitted for a hierarchy of subclasses.
Class Variable _is_has_cache_key Undocumented

Inherited from CompilerElement (via AliasedReturnsRows, NoInit, NamedFromClause, FromClause, AnonymizedFromClauseRole, StrictFromClauseRole, FromClauseRole, ColumnsClauseRole, JoinTargetRole, AllowsLambdaRole, UsesInspection, ColumnListRole, StructuralRole, Selectable, ReturnsRows, ReturnsRowsRole, SQLRole, DQLDMLClauseElement, ClauseElement, SupportsWrappingAnnotations, SupportsAnnotations, MemoizedHasCacheKey, HasCacheKey, HasCopyInternals, ExternallyTraversible, HasTraverseInternals):

Method __str__ Undocumented
Class Variable stringify_dialect Undocumented
Class Variable supports_execution Undocumented

Inherited from Visitable (via AliasedReturnsRows, NoInit, NamedFromClause, FromClause, AnonymizedFromClauseRole, StrictFromClauseRole, FromClauseRole, ColumnsClauseRole, JoinTargetRole, AllowsLambdaRole, UsesInspection, ColumnListRole, StructuralRole, Selectable, ReturnsRows, ReturnsRowsRole, SQLRole, DQLDMLClauseElement, ClauseElement, SupportsWrappingAnnotations, SupportsAnnotations, MemoizedHasCacheKey, HasCacheKey, HasCopyInternals, ExternallyTraversible, HasTraverseInternals, CompilerElement):

Method __class_getitem__ Undocumented
Method __init_subclass__ Undocumented
Class Method _generate_compiler_dispatch Undocumented
Method _compiler_dispatch Undocumented
Class Variable _original_compiler_dispatch Undocumented
@util.deprecated('1.4', 'The :meth:`.Subquery.as_scalar` method, which was previously ``Alias.as_scalar()`` prior to version 1.4, is deprecated and will be removed in a future release; Please use the :meth:`_expression.Select.scalar_subquery` method of the :func:`_expression.select` construct before constructing a subquery object, or with the ORM use the :meth:`_query.Query.scalar_subquery` method.')
def as_scalar(self) -> ScalarSelect[Any]: (source)

Undocumented

inherit_cache: bool = (source)

Indicate if this :class:`.HasCacheKey` instance should make use of the cache key generation scheme used by its immediate superclass. The attribute defaults to ``None``, which indicates that a construct has not yet taken into account whether or not its appropriate for it to participate in caching; this is functionally equivalent to setting the value to ``False``, except that a warning is also emitted. This flag can be set to ``True`` on a particular class, if the SQL that corresponds to the object does not change based on attributes which are local to this class, and not its superclass. .. seealso:: :ref:`compilerext_caching` - General guideslines for setting the :attr:`.HasCacheKey.inherit_cache` attribute for third-party or user defined SQL constructs.

@classmethod
def _factory(cls, selectable: SelectBase, name: Optional[str] = None) -> Subquery: (source)

Return a :class:`.Subquery` object.